Unit 1
掌握大量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥处级证书英语考试Cambridge First Certificate examination的数字表明，词汇量少于三千五百词的学生不大可能在这项考试中成功。最近的研究也表明，其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少认识一万六千个英语词。除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德育这样的语言，要获得打的英语词汇是没有捷径可走的：你就得依靠勤奋和专注，当然，你可以从上下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思，但往往你得查字典才能搞清他们的确切意思。一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读，最好是读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的：你每赌一次都会学到不同的生词，而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。
Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no shortcuts to a large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.
Unit 2
我认为向他求助是不现实的。实际上，他自己也需要帮助。
1. I don’t think it is realistic to turn to him for help. As a matter of fact, he himself is in need of help.
越来越多的人整正在意识到与空气污染做斗争的迫切需要。
2. More and more people are being awakened to the urgent need of combating air pollution.
有明显的迹象表明一些古老的传统和价值观念不再被年轻人珍视。
3. There are visible signs that some of the time-honored old traditions and values are no longer cherished by the young people.
我们许多人觉得宇宙无限这一概念难以理解
4. Many of us find the notion of a boundless universe hard to grasp.
因为在法律和规章中有许多漏洞loophole，一小撮投机倒把者一夜间报复就没有什么奇怪的了。
5. There being so many loopholes in the laws and regulations, it is little wonder that a handful of speculators got rich overnight.
旅游事业的空前兴旺使这个从前只住有三百人的边境小镇突然繁荣起来。
6. An unprecedented boom in tourism brought sudden prosperity to the small border town, which was formerly inhabited by only three hundred people.
根据这一信息，刚还过已经具有制造核武器的能力。
7. In the light of this information, that country already has the capabilities to make nuclear weapons.
他不顾朋友们的反复警告，把所有的钱都投向了高风险企业
8. Regardless of repeated warnings from his friends, he staked all his money on high-risk ventures.
Unit 3
如果你着手干一番事业而失败了，不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与”我是一个失败者“之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法，不把自己与失败等同起来，而是试图从失败中吸取教训，你很可能在未来取得成功。你可曾想过，那些屡遭失败的人往往是自我形象不佳的牺牲品？他们的失败常常不是由于外部原因而是内部原因。无数的例子证明如果能劝使这些人改变观点并建立起正面的自我形象，他们的表现就会发生奇迹般的变化。成功可能在任何时候到来—三十岁，四十岁，或是在似乎失败了一辈子以后。早年成功固然甜蜜，但是晚年的成功往往更有滋味。
If you started on some venture and failed, do not despair/lose heart. There is a world of difference between “ I have failed three times” and “I am a failure”. So long as you do not hold a negative concept of self or identify with failures but try to learn from them, you stand a good chance to succeed in the future. Does it ever occur to you that those who fail repeatedly are often victims of a poor self-image? Often their failures are due to internal causes rather than external causes. Numerous cases have borne it out that if they can be induced to change their viewpoint and construct a positive self-image, miraculous changes may take place in their performance. Success can come anytime --- at thirty, forty or even after a lifetime of apparent failure. Early triumphs may be sweet, but success in later life often tastes even better.
Unit 4
许多家长非但不放任，相反却给他们的孩子施加巨大的压力，要他们样样都优秀
1. Far from being permissive, many parents are putting tremendous pressure on their children to be exceptional in everything.
由于成绩出色，这位长沙女孩已被好几所最享声明的美国大学录取，暴扣哈佛，耶鲁和麻省理工。
2. Owing to her academic excellence, this Changsha girl has been accepted by several prestigious American universities, including Harvard, Yale and MIT.
许多家长越越来越早地让子女开始钢琴或小提琴训练，希望他们将来能成为出色的钢琴家或小提琴手。
3. Many parents start their children in piano or violin lessons at ever-earlier ages in hopes that they will become exceptional pianists or violinists.
在现代社会，服装款式每年都在翻花样；一些今年流行的，来年就过时了。
4. In modern society, clothing styles change yearly. Some are in this year but will be out the next.
这种育儿“新”理念带来的将很可能是“超级问题”，而不是“超级儿童”
5. More likely than not, what this “new” parenting idea brings about will be “super problems” rather than “super kids”.
应该给年轻人机会，让他们发挥主运性，为自己的错误负责，也为自己的成就得到荣誉。
6. Young people should be given the opportunity to take the initiative, to take responsibility for their mistakes and credit for their achievements.
他意志薄弱，我想他是戒不掉烟的，想不到他竟然轻而易举地摆脱了这一坏习惯。
7. In my view, he is so weak-willed that he could hardly give up smoking. To my surprise, he has easily cured himself of this bad habit.
对学生的要求须与他们的兴趣及能力相适应。
8. Demands on students have to be tailored to their interests and abilities.
Unit 5
科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然、在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人。他们具有一种特殊的思考与分析能力，具有无限的耐心进行观察和收集数据。但是，并不耍把一切科学发现读归因于能力和耐心，科学发现常常与创造性的想象力紧密相关。的确，想象力的飞跃往往是通向发现的第一步，另外，科学家也以其城市而著称。他们非常重视诚实，主要是因为诚实对他们的事业只管重要。他们提出的每一个理论都要受到进一步的检验。每一个错误或是谎言必将被发现。因此，如果发现了他们的想法矛盾的证据，科学家不是隐瞒证据。而是修改甚至放弃他们的想法。这样，他们就积累了大量的知识，这些只是帮助我们更好地了解机子及周围的世界。
Scientists are a small group of people who strive to gain insights into nature, seeking order in seeming disorder. They are credited with a special ability to think and analyze, and with infinite patience in making observations and collecting data. But ability and patience do not account for all scientific discoveries, which often have much to do with creative imagination. Indeed a leap of imagination is often the first step towards discovery. Scientists are also noted for their honesty.
They place a high premium on honesty largely because it is essential to their career. Every theory they formulate is subjected to further testing. Every mistake or lie is bound to be found out. Therefore if any evidence is found contradicting their ideas, scientists do not suppress the evidence but modify or even abandon their ideas. In this way they have built up an immense body of knowledge, which helps us to understand better ourselves and the world around us.
Unit 6
一天，我们收到一份去参加我父亲生日宴会的请帖。詹妮认为我父亲是在主动向我伸出手来求和，我们应该接受邀请。我当时正忙于摘录有个重要案例，忙着对付即将来临的考试，所以我只用最简单阐明了的话告诉她永远不会有和解的一天。我的拒绝显然使詹妮很不高兴，但作为一个理智的女人，她并没有跟我争吵，他只是尽量试图说服我。但这反而使我满腔怒火，以为詹妮实在故意惹我心烦。我当时准是疯了，因为我做了意见我永远不会原谅自己的事情—我对这詹妮大声叫嚷，把电话对着她扔去。但我刚扔出去就后悔了。当我转身去看詹妮时，她已经不在了。
我出去到处寻找，但那里也找不到詹妮。我吓得要死，不知道接下来该怎么办。当我正准备放弃努力时，突然看到詹妮坐在我们的房前。我走到她身边说：“詹妮，对不起—。”但她打断了我的道歉，说：“爱就意味着永远不必说对不起。”
One day, we received an invitation to my father’s birthday party. Jenny thought my father was reaching out to me for a reconciliation and we should accept the invitation. I was in the midst of abstracting an important case and in the virtual shadow of exams, so I just told her in the simplest terms that there would never be a reconciliation. My refusal obviously made Jenny very upset, but being a rational woman she didn’t quarrel with me. She just tried hard to persuade me. But this only filled me with fury, thinking that Jenny was just upsetting me deliberately. I must have gone out of my mind for I did something for which I would never forgive myself --- I yelled at Jenny and hurled the phone at her. But the instant I did it I regretted. And when I turned to look at her, she was
already gone.
I went out and searched everywhere but Jenny was nowhere to be found. I was scared to death, not knowing what to do next. Just as I was about to give up, I caught sight of her sitting in front of our house. I went up to her and said, “Jenny, I’m sorry…” but she cut off my apology and said, “Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry.”
Unit 7
我小时候完全被周游世界的想法迷住了，常在爷爷的书房一呆几个小时，一遍转动着地球仪globe，一遍梦想着去游览的地方。
1. When I was a kid, I was so fascinated with the idea of traveling round the world that I would spend hours in my grandfather’s study spinning the globe and dreaming of the places I would like to visit.
今天下午一枚定时炸弹在伦敦最大的超市之一爆照，在人们重金引起极大恐慌
2. A time bomb exploded this afternoon in one of London’s biggest supermarkets, evoking a great panic among the population.
在父亲的陪同下，比尔去了警察局，对警官坦白说他曾在两周前抢了以为老人的金表。
3. Accompanied by his father, Bill went to the police station and confessed to the police officer that he had robbed an old man of his gold watch two weeks before.
在与简订婚后，斯蒂芬生平第一次开始用功了，不就他便作为一名年轻的理论物理学家而展露头角。
4. After getting engaged to Jane, Stephen started working hard for the first time in his life. And before long he distinguished himself as a young theoretical physicist.
斯通教授以眼力而著称。但令人惊奇的是，他在上周六他女儿婚礼上的讲话却妙趣横生，充满幽默。
5. Prof. Stone is distinguished for his sternness. But, to everyone’s surprise, the speech he made at his daughter’s wedding last Saturday was full of wit and humor.
这么多人愿意为社区的利益做义务工作真令人惊奇。
6. It’s amazing that so many people are willing to do voluntary work for the benefit of the community.
Unit 8
那个国家的日趋繁荣在很大程度上可归功于政府实行的经济改革政策。
1. The increasing prosperity of the country was in a large measure attributable to the government’s pursuit of a policy of economic reform.
这位黑人领袖把实现种族平等而奋斗终生当作自己的神圣义务。
2. The black leader took it as his sacred obligation to fight hard all his life to achieve racial equality.
1976年，中华人民共和国的三维主要缔造者周恩来总理，朱德元帅和毛泽东主席相继逝世。
3. The year 1976 saw the deaths of Premier Zhou En-lai, Marshal Zhu De and Chairman Mao
Ze-dong, the three leading architects of the People’s Republic.
我不止一次的提醒校长，他曾答应要维护退休教师的合法权益。
4. On more than one occasion I reminded the principal of his promise to stand up for the legitimate interests of retired teachers.
这个故事的主题思想是，有一个人的命运与整个国家的命运紧密相联。
5. The theme of the story is that a person’s destiny is tied up with that of the whole nation.
那个青年集成的一把笔财产使他得以实现自己的梦想。
6. The large fortune the young man fell heir to enabled him to live out his dreams.
1~4自测翻译
外语学习者提高其流利程度的一个可行方法是通过阅读学会大量的词汇极其习惯用法。
A practicable way for foreign language learners to improve their fluency is to learn large numbers of words and their idiomatic usage through reading.
不断困扰第三世界的一个问题是如何快速发展经济而不损害环境
An eternal problem that haunts the third world countries is how to develop the economy quickly without damaging environment.
收取这么高的罚款跟银行方便顾客的概念很不一致
It is hardly consistent with the concept of “user-friendly”banking to charge such high fines.
邦德一把抓住这个凶狠的袭击者，把他摔倒在地上。
Bond grabbed hold of the vicious attacker and flung to the ground.
以为身着症状的中年男子坐在角落的一张大写字台后面，我想他就是这个办公室的负责人了。
A middle-aged man in business suits sat behind a big desk in the corner, and I presumed that he was in charge of the offices.
5~8自测翻译
我校校友alumnus王博士毕业后不久就在核物理方面崭露头角。他在研制我国第一颗氢弹中做了很多工作。上星期，为庆祝我校建校一百周年centennial，他在礼堂做了一个报告。他报告的题目是“展望21世纪”。他以非常简单的语言概述了新世纪科学的前景。令我们非常吃惊的是，他没有多谈他的专业物理学，而是兴奋地讲述了生命科学方面预期的突破。他说，肃然要精确预测我们在不久的将来能去的什么成绩就是不现实的，蛋至少有一点我们可以相当肯定，即：在下一个世纪，人类对其自身的了解将会大大丰富。他的讲话充满冷幽默和睿智，我们都听得入迷了。
Dr.wang,an alumnus of our university ,distinguished himself in nuclear physics not long after graduation. He was very much involved in developing himself the first hydrogen bomb of our country. Last week, in celebration of the centennial of our university, he delivered a speech in the auditorium. His topic is on the Threshold of the 21s Century. He outlined, in very simple terms, the prospects of science in the new century. To our great surprise, he did not dwell on his own special field physics, but talked in excitement about the expected breakthrough in life sciences. He said that through it is unrealistic to predict accurately what we can achieve in the neat future, we can be
pretty certain of one thing at least:man’s knowledge about himself will be greatly enriched in the next century. He speech, full of humor and wisdom, fascinated us all.
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