英语是什么构成法

发布网友 发布时间：2024-10-23 21:33

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热心网友 时间：2024-10-31 10:15

词根决定单词意思，前缀改变单词词义，后缀决定单词词性。
英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这些规律叫构词法。主要有四种：合成、转化、派生和缩略。常见的是前三种。
1. 合成由两个或两个以上的词合成为一个词。举例：Classroom，newspaper，blackboard，Schoolmate，newly-born，hardworkingpolice+man=policemanplay+ground=playground，birth+day=birthdayafter+noon=afternoonhand+bag=handbagevery+where=everywherebed+room=bedroomno+where=nowherehand+writing=handwritingany+where=anywheregrand+parent=grandparenthow+ever=howeverwhat+ever=whatever
2. 转化由一词类转化为另一词类。动词walk、 talk、look、 swim etc.在短语have a walk 、have a talk、 have a look、 have a swim etc中则转化为名词;形容词cool 、warm、 clean、etc可以转化为动词意为：使凉快、使温暖、打扫等。
3. 派生法①常用前缀 表“否定”un- unfair unable unlikely, in/im- impossible impossible incapable, dis-discover disagree dislike dishonest 表“重复” re- rewrite retell repeat reconsider②常用后缀 名词后缀-er/ or/-tion/ -ese/ -ist/ -ing/ -ment/ -ness/ -ian“动作的执行者”名如：teacher visitor inventor organization congratulation invention Chinese Japanese pianist scientist violinist living greeting wedding movement treatment happiness illness sickness carelessness 动词后缀–ify/-ice/-ise/-en 使…变… beautifyealize/ organize/sacrifice lengthen strengthen形容词后缀–able/-ful/-y/-ive/-al/-an suitable comfortable movable beautiful careful useful sunny, windy, cloudy, snowy, sleepy, salty active, instructive musical medical physical American European Australian -ly副词后缀 carefully really certainly数词后缀 -teen 表“十三至十九” fourteen fifteen nineteen -ty 表“二十、三十…七十”